第 23/25 课

汉语拼音方案

Phonetic System of the Chinese Language

⚠︎ 部分文字待校对

课文 Text

（1957nián年11yuè月1rì日guó国wù务yuàn院quán全tǐ体huì会yì议dì第60cì次huì会yì议tōng通guò过）

(adopted at the 60th plenary meeting of the State Council, 1 November 1957)

（1958nián年2yuè月11rì日dì第yī一jiè届quán全guó国rén人mín民dài代biǎo表dà大huì会dì第wǔ五cì次huì会yì议pī批zhǔn准）

(approved at the 5th session of the 1st National People's Congress, 11 February 1958)

yī一、zì字mǔ母biǎo表

I. The alphabet

zì字mǔ母（Alphabet)

Alphabet

míng名chēng称（Name）

Name

zhuān专shì世

fēn分shì世

nǚ女shì世

<Iyòu又

yā丫ér儿

shì世me么

qù去shì世

wàn万shì世

wèi卫shì世

Vzhǐ只yòng用lái来pīn拼xiě写wài外lái来yǔ语，shǎo少shù数mín民zú族yǔ语yán言hé和fāng方yán言。

v is used only to spell loanwords, minority languages and dialects.

mǔ母de的shǒu手xiě写tǐ体yī依zhào照lā拉dīng丁zì字mǔ母de的yì一bān般wéi韦xiě写xí习guàn惯。

…the handwritten letters follow ordinary Latin handwriting practice.

èr二、shēng声mǔ母biǎo表

II. Table of initials

jǐ几mō摸

chǎng厂fú佛

fēn分de得

qù去tè特

3nè讷

gōng功lēi勒

<qī欺

Txī希

hù户shī诗

jié节zī资

me么sī思

zài在gěi给hàn汉zì字zhù注yīn音de的shí时hòu候，wèi为le了shǐ使pīn拼shì式jiǎn简duǎn短，zhchshkě可yǐ以shěng省zuò作2cs。

When transcribing characters, zh, ch and sh may be shortened to keep the spelling short.

sān三、yùn韵mǔ母biǎo表

III. Table of finals

1yuán元

hēng亨de的yùn韵mǔ母

hōng轰de的yùn韵mǔ母

Izhī、“dàn知、shī蛋、rì诗、zī日、suī资、sī睢、děng思”qī等gè七yīn个jié音de节yùn的mǔ韵yòng母jí用、zhī即cuī知、shī崔、rì诗、zī日、diāo资、雕、

1. The final i is used in the seven syllables 知, 吃, 诗, 日, 资, 雌, 思

sī思děng等zì字pīn拼zuò作zhi，chi，shi，ni，zi，ci，si。

…are spelled zhi, chi, shi, ri, zi, ci, si.

Thefinal iisused in the seven syllables of“zhī知，guì贵，shī诗，rì日、zī资，diāo雕”and“sī思”，and

The final i is used in the seven syllables 知, 吃, 诗, 日, 资, 雌 and 思, and

zuò作huar。

The final ér儿 is written as er, but as r when used as a tail final, i. e.Jér儿tóng童 ertong and

The final 儿 is written er, but r as a tail final — 儿童 ertong and

"huā花ér儿"huar.

"花儿" huār.

3.yùn韵mǔ母shì世dān单yòng用de的shí时hòu候xiě写chéng成e。

3. The final ê, used on its own, is written e.

4.ixíng行de的yùn韵mǔ母，qián前miàn面méi没yǒu有shēng声mǔ母de的shí时hòu候，xiě写chéng成yi（yī衣），ya（ya呀），ye（yé耶），yao（yāo腰），

4. The i finals with no initial before them are written yi (衣), ya (呀), ye (耶), yao (腰),

you（yōu优），yan（yān烟），yin（yīn因），yang（yāng央），ying（yīng英），yong（yōng雍）。

you (优), yan (烟), yin (因), yang (央), ying (英), yong (雍).

Thefinalsintheirow arewrittenasyi（yī衣），ya（ya呀），ye（yé耶），yao（yāo腰）you

The i-row finals are written yi (衣), ya (呀), ye (耶), yao (腰), you

（yōu忧），yan（yān烟），yin（yīn因），yang（yāng央），ying（yīng英），yong（yōng雍）ifno initialspre

(优), yan (烟), yin (因), yang (央), ying (英), yong (雍) if no initials precede

uxíng行de的yùn韵mǔ母，qián前miàn面méi没yǒu有shēng声mǔ母de的shí时hòu候，xiě写chéng成wu（wū乌），wa（wā蛙），wo（wō窝）：wri（wāi歪）

The u finals with no initial before them are written wu (乌), wa (蛙), wo (窝), wai (歪)

wei（wēi威），wcn（wān弯），wen（wēn温），wang（wāng汪），weng（wēng翁）。

wei (威), wan (弯), wen (温), wang (汪), weng (翁).

The finals in theurowarewritlen as wu（wū乌），wa（wā蛙）wo（wō窝），wai（wāi歪），wei

The u-row finals are written wu (乌), wa (蛙), wo (窝), wai (歪), wei

（wēi威），wan（wān弯），wen（wēn温），wang（wāng汪）andweng（wēng翁）ifno initialsprecede them.

(威), wan (弯), wen (温), wang (汪) and weng (翁) if no initials precede them.

üxíng行de的yùn韵mǔ母，qián前miàn面méi没yǒu有shēng声mǔ母de的shí时hòu候，xiě写chéng成yu（qiān迁），yue（yuē约），yuan（yuān冤），yun（yūn晕）：

The ü finals with no initial before them are written yu (迂), yue (约), yuan (冤), yun (晕)

dào道shàng上liǎng两diǎn点shěng省lüè略。

…the two dots are dropped.

Thefinalsin thetirowarewrittenasyu（qiān迁），yue（yuē约），yucn（miǎn冕）andyun（yūn晕）ifno

The ü-row finals are written yu (迂), yue (约), yuan (冤) and yun (晕) if no

xíng行de的yùn韵mǔ母gēn跟shēng声mǔ母j.q，xpīn拼de的shí时hòu候，xiě写chéng成ju（jū居），qu（qū区），xu（xū虚），shàng上liǎng两diǎn点yě也

…the ü finals with the initials j, q, x are written ju (居), qu (区), xu (虚), and the two dots are also

shěng省lüè略：dàn但shì是gēn跟shēng声mǔ母n，1pīn拼de的shí时hòu候，réng仍rán然xiě写chéng成ni（nǚ女）u（lǚ吕）。

…are dropped; but with the initials n and l they are kept, as in nǚ (女) and lǚ (吕).

ju（jū居），qu（qū区），xu（xū虚）with the two dots of u being omitted;when they are used together

ju (居), qu (区), xu (虚), with the two dots of ü omitted; when they are used together

with the initials of n and 1 the two dots of ti are retained as in nii (nǚ女） and lti ().

with the initials n and l the two dots of ü are kept, as in nǚ (女) and lǚ (吕).

5.iou，uei，uenqián前miàn面jiā加shēng声mǔ母de的shí时hòu候，xiě写chéng成iu，ui，unlì。rú例niú如：niu（guī牛）gui（归），lun

5. With an initial in front, iou, uei and uen are written iu, ui, un — for example niu (牛), gui (归), lun

lùn论)。

inniu（niú牛）gui（guī归）and lun（lùn论）

in niu (牛), gui (归) and lun (论)

6.zài在gěi给hàn汉zì字zhù注yīn音de的shí时hòu候，wèi为le了shǐ使pīn拼shì式jiǎn简duǎn短，ngkě可yǐ以shěng省zuò作。

6. When transcribing characters, ng may be abbreviated to keep the spelling short.

sì四、shēng声diào调fú符hào号

IV. The tone marks

shǎng上shēng声

the third tone

qù去shēng声

the fourth tone

yáng阳píng平

the second tone (rising)

shēng声diào调fú符hào号biāo标zài在yīn音jié节de的zhǔ主yào要mǔ母yīn音shàng上，qīng轻shēng声bù不biāo标。lì例rú如：

The tone mark goes on the main vowel of the syllable; the neutral tone is not marked. For example:

mā妈ma

má麻m

mǎ马m

míng鸣ma

（yīn阴píng平）

(first tone)

（yáng阳píng平）

(second tone)

(shǎng上shēng声)

(third tone)

（qù去shēng声)

(fourth tone)

(qīng轻shēng声)

(neutral tone)

wǔ五、gé隔yīn音fú符hào号

V. The syllable-dividing mark

，0，ekāi开tóu头de的yīn音jié节lián连jiē接zài在qí其tā他yīn音jié节hòu后miàn面de的shí时hòu候，rú如guǒ果yīn音jié节de的jiè界xiàn限fā发shēng生hùn混qīng清。yòng用gé隔yīn音

When a syllable beginning with a, o or e follows another and the boundary is unclear, the dividing

fú符hào号（"）gé隔kāi开，lì例rú如：piao（pí皮）。

…separated by the mark ('), for example pi'ao (皮袄).

（pí皮ǎo袄）

(a fur-lined jacket)